Sunday, July 28, 2013

“Secrets” in the Martial Arts

                I occasionally get asked about “secret” techniques or applications. While there are historical records of secret techniques or applications in history they are not unbeatable. An example of an old secret technique is il passato sotto, a dodge and low counter thrust on-the-pass (with a forward-outward step), which many Italian Renaissance fencing instructors often taught to wealthy students at great cost as a secret technique.
Historically there has been a long running tradition of visualizing martial artists as possessing supernatural levels of skill and power in the popular imagination. There have been multiple reasons for this phenomenon throughout time.  Often martial artists have sought to reinforce this stereotype themselves for that simplest and most primal of reasons; intimidation. Tacticians have always made a point of emphasizing that if your opponent is afraid of you at least half your battle has already been won. The key to successfully implementing such a boast is the same as for any other bluff; that the opponent can’t know what you’re hiding.
There is no such thing as a perfect technique or an unbeatable attack. We live in a world that imposes many physical laws on our movements and these affect our techniques whether or not we like it. As a result any and every attack or technique has a weakness or vulnerability that can be exploited. However it’s much more difficult to recognize and exploit those weaknesses if we don’t know what attack is coming our way or if it’s very different from what we have previously encountered. If we’re already scared of an unknown technique our minds slow down and it becomes nearly impossible to overcome an unknown “ultimate” or “secret” technique. Countless fighters have exploited this very phenomenon to great effect. So the word has spread, over time, of lethal and unstoppable “secret” techniques and as so often happens, memories become gossip and gossip become legends.
Sadly this has lead many adept martial arts students to wrongly believe that such a thing as an “unbeatable secret technique” exists. This is not true of course, there are countless powerful techniques which are difficult to counter, especially if they are not known to the opponent, but they all have some weakness. Continuing with the example of the passato sotto mentioned earlier fencing historians all agree that as the technique became more widely known it stopped being a secret (obviously) and counter movements began to appear.
On the other hand, many young students have, in their ignorance, bought into the legends. This can lead to two different problems; they either underestimate themselves because they feel that they have not received any “secret” technique and are therefore less able than those who claim to have learned such techniques, or they actually believe that they have learned some unbeatable technique from their teachers (sadly there are many unscrupulous “teachers” out there) and now think that they are invincible. Both are very wrong and can be very dangerous mindsets for the student to have on the day that he/she needs to apply them in real self defense.
The fact is that the only “secrets” some teachers do hide is attention to detail. The student is taught a form and that’s it; no explanations about the correct posture, body alignment, weight distribution, breathing, timing, applications, focus, intention, vulnerabilities, possible combinations  with other movements, possible counters, etc. This usually happens because the teacher has either lost conscious awareness of these minute details after years of personal practice, or simply is unfamiliar with them himself (in the case of the latter this lack of mindfulness in movement is visible to an experienced fighter; as with any expert athlete when they execute their technique it should look flawless and effortless).
Another possibility is that the teacher would choose to hide this knowledge from all but a few students. This was a popular practice in the age before firearms, when knowledge of martial techniques could mean the difference between life and death by giving the practitioner the power to hurt or kill opponents. Some teachers felt a moral obligation to hide some or all of the applications from those they did not deem of high moral fiber. Others chose to hide the details behind the movements for personal benefit; after all if no one else knew their techniques they could hardly defend against them. However the value of martial arts purely as a form of self defense has decreased as firearms have become preferred tool of defense. Therefore moral and self defense issues have ceased to be a reason to hide the details behind techniques.
Therefore know that the so called secret techniques or secret applications to known techniques are merely a matter of learning proper body mechanics through diligent and mindful solo practice and employing them in partnered practice to identify what techniques and applications work, and when and how best to employ them. The only real secret is finding a qualified teacher who can help you learn the techniques and all the little details within them then practice until it flows naturally and smoothly. That’s what kung fu is, high skill acquired by diligent practice. That is all the “secret” really is.

Saturday, July 6, 2013

The Benefits of Tai Chi Chuan

I was recently asked to give a presentation on some of the benefits of practicing Tai Chi Chuan so I’m posting a condensed version of that speech. I hope this will give potential students the extra kick they need to finally get up off their butts and start practicing.
          Some of you may have heard about Tai Chi from a friend or a doctor who recommended it for it’s health benefits. Others may have noticed signs for classes at a local gym or seen a group practicing in a nearby park. Maybe you saw Tai Chi being practiced in a martial arts film. This probably led you to ask: “What is Tai Chi? What good can it do me? Is it hard to practice?”
            The usual explanation is that Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese martial art, which uses slow graceful movements to relax the body and tone the muscles while focusing the mind and boosting the spirit. This probably led you to a simple reaction: “What the hell does any of that mean?” Not only did you not get any of your questions answered but now you’re seriously confused. This is where most people say: “screw it!” and forget about the whole thing. I’d like to address some of these questions so you can decide for yourselves whether or not Tai Chi is right for you.
            Tai Chi Chuan is a martial art based on several Taoist principles; which, again, sounds very foreign but let’s take a look at what it means. Taoism is one of the oldest philosophical belief systems in China (and the world). Basically it’s a philosophy that values personal freedom, simple joys, and living a life in harmony with nature. Nothing particularly complicated about that. Taoists believe that the world exists as a manifestation of opposing and complementary forces known as Yin and Yang. The state of harmonious and balanced exchange between these two forces is known as Tai Chi. Tai Chi Chuan (or Taiji Quan) is a martial art based on following this principle of balanced, complementary forces. One way of seeing this in action is during practice when you’ll notice that as we perform Tai Chi Chuan one limb will straighten and the muscles stretch while the opposite limb will bend and the muscles will relax; opposite and complementary.
            This leads me to the second question: what are the benefits of Tai Chi Chuan practice? The benefits are seemingly endless. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have been recommending Tai Chi Chuan practice for centuries to cure an endless assortment of ailments. Over the past few decades Western medicine has begun to experiment with Tai Chi Chuan practice and been amazed with just how successfully it works as a complementary treatment for an ever-growing list of conditions and diseases[1].
            At a very simple level Tai Chi Chuan is wonderful in that it uses slow focused movements emphasizing balance, posture, coordination, and slow steady breathing. It gently stretches and relaxes the muscles, which helps to reduce stress while strengthening the muscles and joints (which help knee and back injuries). It’s slow movements offers a low impact form of exercise while offering an excellent cardio workout. The deep, gentle breathing helps maximize blood oxygenation and the release of endorphins, all of which help to improve circulation, digestion, and blood pressure.
Practice also helps to improve posture, balance, and coordination while exercising the body and mind. Its gentle, elegant movements look graceful (generally described as poetry in motion) and grant a sense of calm relaxation, while generating a quiet sensation of power that can be readily seen in action when applied to self-defense.
            Lastly Tai Chi Chuan is being used as a component in treating a myriad assortment of diseases and condition such as: hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, asthma, arthritis, Alzheimers’s, gastritis, Parkinson’s, insomnia, migraines, depression, assorted heart conditions, etc. Science is still actively researching new and unexpected benefits of Tai Chi Chuan. In summation, I can’t think of anyone who would not benefit from Tai Chi Chuan practice.
            In regards to the final question: no, Tai Chi Chuan is not hard to practice. You don’t need special clothes or expensive equipment. You don’t need any special courts or areas; you can practice anytime, anywhere. Practice can be adapted to varying levels of difficulty so that beginners and advanced students can all practice together by using different variations of the same techniques to suit their level of skill. Most often Tai Chi Chuan will be practiced in parks, at the beach or some other place where students can enjoy a natural view to help them relax and focus on their practice, but many practice in their living rooms before starting out their day. It’s truly a wonderful practice that can help any one, whether you only practice for fifteen minutes in the mornings or a few hours by the sunset. There really is no excuse to keep you from reaping the benefits of Tai Chi Chuan practice, so give it a try.


[1] Complementary means just that, complementary. I’m not espousing Tai Chi Chuan as a magic potion that will cure all your troubles. The medical community is using it as a powerful component of treatment, not as an entire form of treatment in and of itself.